![]() ![]() By the mid-twentieth century, mechanical pickers were invented to replace manual procedures, and soon wet-harvesting techniques were developed to take advantage of the cranberry ’s natural buoyancy. During the 1850s, cranberry cultivation spread to Wisconsin three decades later, farmers in both Washington and Oregon began establishing cranberry bogs of their own. Among such pioneers were Benjamin Thomas and John Webb. Growers from another state in which the cranberry was native, New Jersey, soon followed Hall ’s lead. He began applying sand manually and found he could grow cranberries that were larger and juicier than those found elsewhere. Hall, however, made the singularly important observation that when sand from the nearby dunes blew into the marshes, or bogs, the cranberries thrived. As many already knew, the Cape Cod marshland, with its high concentration of peat, was particularly conducive to cranberry growing. However, commercial cultivation of cranberries did not commence until the early 19th century, when Captain Henry Hall began experimenting with cranberry vines in East Dennis, Massachusetts. Exports to Europe also began during this era. Throughout colonial times, cranberries also became widely used in tarts, preserves, and sauces. The first cranberry juice recipe dates back to 1683. Cranberries were believed to have been present at the first Thanksgiving feast in 1621. Small, reddish, and distinguished by a strong, bitter flavor, the cranberry was first used by various native American tribes in the New England area to make dyes as well as a high-energy food called pemmican: a concentrated mixture of dried venison, fat, and cranberries shaped into cakes. The history of Ocean Spray is naturally tied to the history and lore of the cranberry, an unusual native American wetland fruit. Ocean Spray ’s stock is held by some 150 grapefruit growers in Florida and nearly 750 cranberry growers in Massachusetts, New Jersey, Wisconsin, Oregon, Washington, and Canada. Preserving a strong brand image, perfecting production forecasting techniques, and promoting operational efficiency have all led the cooperative into the ranks of the Fortune 500. ![]() However, since the addition of grapefruit growers to the cooperative in 1976, the company has displayed an increasing tendency to develop a broad fruit-oriented product line to fortify its presence in the consumer market. Ocean Spray ’s Cranberry Division, with $852 million in 1992 sales, still accounts for the bulk of the company ’s operations. Once known only as a seasonal cranberry sauce business, Ocean Spray now markets blended juice drinks, juice concentrate, fresh fruits, and several other items to both retail and food service outlets year-round. Since its beginning, the company has functioned as a grower-owned agricultural cooperative however, its strong emphasis on new product introduction, advertising, and packaging places it in direct competition with many publicly owned companies. is responsible for 80 percent of the cranberries sold worldwide. Employees: 2,200 Sales: $1.09 billion SICs: 0171 Berry Crops 2033 Canned Fruits and Vegetables 2037 Frozen Fruits, Fruit Juices & Vegetables 2099 Food Preparations NecĪ leader in the marketing of shelf-stable juice drinks, Ocean Spray Cranberries, Inc. One Ocean Spray Drive Lakeville-Middleboro, Massachusetts 02349-0001 U.S.A.
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